Your Questions About Tribal Meaning Strength

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With the printing of the bible by the new print press the word was read of how man was an individual . The kings owned their men… The church controlled their minds. Politically ideas travelled from Europe to the new world where idea of no kings became a reality. Later starting your own church was to become a political force in the new world. Small groups that were not tribal meant new ways of politics. More ideas are available.

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KSatanic Conspiracy Exposed!
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Fear & Loathing In Eugene
Stinkjay vs. Moneyboy. In the days of Lore, two opposing forces have reigned supreme in battles of wit and strength. They were not Gooku and Vegeta, Neo and Smith, Al Gore and George W. Bush, Thomas vs. … Some blood) scattering bouncing all over the steps like year-old Chicklets. Moneyboy didn’t give him a chance to get …funkdiggityfresh.com/review204.html – 13k – Cached – More from this site – Save
chicklets of boredom – Message Board
Man ITS NOT FAIR!!! That lucky bastard i call my brother is on his way to Japan right now for a 3 week vacation and im stuck here bored out of my… And im stuck here bored out of my fucking gord . So chicklets for everyone to help pass time … Your Local Organic Farmers> .-.-.Fear leads to anger…Anger leads to …www.edmplanet.com/forum/showthread.php?t=63724 – 181k – Cached – More from this site – Save
New Avie and Chicklets thread – Message Board
I thought it was high time for an Avatar change and if you’d like chicklets, lemme know. … .-.-.Fear leads to anger…Anger leads to stress…Stress leads to doobies …www.edmplanet.com/forum/showthread.php?t=61019 – 140k – Cached – More from this site – Save
The Believer – The Flesh Failures
… Tribal Fear, The Weight of Prejudice on Flesh, Liberatory Possibilities, Trouser Styles, Sperms and Chicklets, The … This faith has become fear, even folly …www.believermag.com/issues/200603/?read=article_mckinney – 40k – Cached – More from this site – Save
bat_chicklets’s Xanga Site
… I eat counter-clockwise around my plate – i don’t do it on purpose, that’s just the way i am). Maybe they’ll fear me now …www.xanga.com/bat_chicklets – 35k – Cached – More from this site – Save
I CAN Truely SEE YOUR POINT HERE AHHHHHH:-)

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The vast majority of soldiers serving in the regular Roman army during the Late Republic were legionaries,and to serve as a legionary the recruit had to be a citizen.That meant they were Italian. Auxiliary troops – cavalry, archers, light infantry – were hired from barbarian tribes or client king allies as required.

Augustus reformed the army in 25 BC; 50% of the army was legionaries, still citizens, still almost exclusively Italian.The other 50% were auxiliaries, but now these were part of the regular Roman army,trained and equipped in Roman style.They were recruited from non citizens both inside and outside the empire,recruits being granted Roman citizenship on completion of their full term of enlistment. For certain campaigns, barbarian specialist troops were still hired; one example were the Moorish light cavalry and Spanish slingers used by Trajan in his Dacian wars. These troops fought in their traditional native style.

In 212 emperor Caracalla issued the Constitutio Antoniniana.This granted citizenship to all freemen living in the empire.One reason for this was to boost the number of men eligible to serve as legionaries, so from 212 the Italian portion of the army began to diminish.

Army reforms by Diocletian in the late 3rd century increased army size by over 40% (to 500,000 men), and by the 5th century conscription had become necessary to keep unit strengths up. These conscripts were drawn from across the empire, so the Italian % continued to fall.

By the end of the 4th century troop losses in battle (virtually the whole of the Eastern army was wiped out at the battle of Adrianople,378) and a dwindling in recruiting grounds as barbarians seized portions of the empire for themselves led to the hiring of whole tribes of barbarians,serving in tribal style units under their own commanders.These troops were called Foederatae,and their numbers increased as the empire declined.

So, the Roman army was largely Italian until the reforms of Augustus in 25 BC, after which about 50% (the citizens comprising the legions) were Italian. Following the Constitutio Antoniniana of 212, the % of Italians in the army steadily declined,and by the fall of the Western empire often only local garrisons survived of the regular Roman army, the main forces being barbarian Foederatae.

The overall effect from 212 of the steady reduction in the Italian % of the Roman army was an ongoing decline in its status,professionalism,morale,discipline and effectiveness.

admin answers:

The vast majority of the regular Roman army in the Late Republic period were legionaries, and to serve as a legionary the recruit had to be a citizen.That meant Italian; auxiliary troops – cavalry, archers, light infantry – were hired from barbarian tribes or client king allies as required.

Augustus reformed the army in 25 BC; the composition became about 50% legionaries – still Roman citizens, and still almost exclusively Italians – and about 50% auxiliaries. However, auxiliaries were now regular full time units, recruited from non citizens both inside and outside the empire, recruits receiving citizenship once their term of enlistment was completed. For certain campaigns (for example, Trajan’s wars against the Dacians) additional auxiliaries were still hired as needed, equipped and serving as their native specialty, for example Moorish light cavalry, Spanish slingers.

In 212 emperor Caracalla issued the Constitutio Antoniniana, which granted full Roman citizenship to all freemen living in the empire; one reason for this was to boost the numbers eligible to enlist as legionaries (who still had to be citizens).

By the 4th century army size had increased from about 350,000 to 500,000, and due to Caracalla a smaller proportion of it would have been Italian. By the 5th century, conscription became necessary to keep unit strength up, but conscripts were drawn from citizens.Nevertheless,as all freemen were citizens, these troops could have been (and were) drawn from across the empire.

During the 4th century, a combination of troop losses in battle (the whole Eastern army was virtually wiped out at the battle of Adrianople 378),and dwindling recruiting grounds as barbarians seized parts of the empire led to the hiring of whole tribes of barbarians, serving in tribal style units under their own commanders.These troops were known as foederatae, and their numbers increased as the empire declined.

So, the army would have been largely Italian until Augustus’ reforms in 25 BC, after which about 50% would have been Italian. After Caracalla and the Constitutio Antoniniana in 212, the % of Italians serving in the Roman army would have declined steadily; by the fall of the Western Empire,local garrisons were often the only remainder of the regular army, foederatae providing the rest.

The overall effect of the reduction of the Italian % of the army and the influx of foederatae was an ongoing drop in status,professionalism, efficiency, morale, and effectiveness of the Roman army as a whole.

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Because such an operation would have required a major feet of engineering and endurance, which the Gauls didn’t have…

The point of Vercingetorix’s revolt was to free Gaul from Roman occupation, and to do so, he made a deliberate strategy of burning much of the grain stores in Gaul. In doing so, the Romans would have no winter forage and would have to retreat to Italy, giving Vercingetorix to try and assemble a more united front, should the Romans return a year later.

However, things never truly went according to plan. Caesar was an experienced general with a veteran army who knew his enemy fairly well. Remember that Vercingetorix and many of the Gauls in the revolt had actually served as allies of Caesar’s legions earlier in the Gallic Wars. As a result, Caesar knew the strengths and weaknesses of his foe and moved rapidly, hoping to divide the Gauls and crush Vercingetorix before he could unify them.

The first battles went back and forth, with Caesar winning a decisive victory in the field, but failing to take a mountain fortress that other Gallic warriors did come to the rescue of. Thinking that Caesar was beaten for the year, Vercingetorix settled into Alesia to prepare for the following year. Caesar, however, was not beaten and soon surrounded the walled village with his men, and would rapidly construct two sets of walls, one facing Alesia, and the other facing out in case of a relief army appeared. This began the seige of Alesia…

And this is where Gallic strategy and tribal nature came into play. Several Gallic tribes deserted Vercingetorix, realizing that he was trapped and fearful that Caesar would not be merciful if he won and they were still fighting. Some others would raise a relief army, but it would take them a long time to reach Alesia. And meanwhile, the destruction of the grain stores now came back to hit Vercingetorix, because while he had denied the Romans a source of easy grain to loot or appropriate, because the Romans denied them the ability to forage for their own food, Vercingetorix’s strategy was also starving the Gauls themselves.

And the Gauls in Alesia slowly starved, with Vercingetorix pondering over various means of escape. The only viable option was for a relief army to arrive and hit the Romans at the same time as Vercingetorix attacked from the inside, hoping to overpower the Roman defense.

Tunnelling would have been ineffective. One reason was the nature of the seige lines Caesar had built facing Alesia. Between the village and Caesar’s lines was a long deep ditch, filled with sharpened stakes and metal spikes that served as a moat. Any attacker toward Caesar’s lines would fall in and could pontentiall be seriously maimed trying to cross it. The Romans also tried to keep this area moist to make digging and escaping from it difficult. Had Vercingetorix tried to tunnel out, more then likely he would have tunneled into the moat around Caesar’s lines, and suffered heavily trying get out of it.

The other reason is distance and where the Gauls would have had to start from. Tunneling has been a common practice in seige warfare, with the intent to weaken the defender’s walls. Doing this has generally depended on getting under the wall and starting to tunnel fairly close to it. Caesar’s works were not right next to Alesia but a fair ways away, so that they would be on ground largely level with Alesia itself with a valley in between them. If Vercingetorix were to try and tunnel, he’d have to tunnel a “u” shaped curve for a fairly long distance, which would create the problem of what would happen if you don’t have the right distance. Two short… And you’re still within the walls of Alesia… Too far, and while you’re free, you’re going to be exposed to Roman attacks while you’re getting organized or fleeing. Not to mention that they would have to start tunnelling inside Alesia itself which would also weaken the walls of the village and potentially give Caesar an opening to storm the fortress…

And so Vercingetorix waited for delivery from a relief army, which never came. A relief force did arrive, but was unable to defeat Caesar’s legions, lead in that sector by Marcus Antionius (Mark Anthony)… And Alesia was starved into submission and the rest of the Gallic rebels soon made their own peace with Caesar and Rome… And Gaul became a Roman province.